Culture An Integrated Whole Making It - 1617 Words

Question 2 Culture is definitely one important thing. Culture is defined as the learned behavior patterns that are attained by members in a society. Throughout this entire class we have learned so much about culture and how important it is for being historical and cultures as interconnected. The idea of culture being historical is really important because all cultures are known to be apart of something bigger. In one of the readings, â€Å"culture is defined as historically produced in particular locations under the influence of local, national, and global forces and events† (Merry, pg. 11). In order for one to understand culture one must know the history behind it and the traditions passed on through time. Culture is about all of the ideas and practices that have been going on for years and year but it is still open to new and changing ideas. Furthermore, the idea of culture being interconnected is important because no particular part of a culture can be studied in alone. Culture is kno wn to be an integrated whole making it all connected with one another. By being interconnected it consists of the beliefs, morals, skills, and much more that one can learn from others in the society. Overall, culture being interconnected is extremely important and significant because in order to understand the whole culture, one must study all of the connected aspects, it is the only way. Moreover, other ways we can understand culture is just the way we see it. It is how we were brought up andShow MoreRelatedThe Lincoln Electric Company s Aspects Of The Company898 Words   |  4 PagesAccording to Carpenter, Taylor and Erdogan (2009) Organizational culture could be considered as a system of defining standadrds of appropriate company’s staff behavior and control of inappropriate company’s staff behavior, and plays very important role in company’s life. On the one hand it is absolutely necessary for continuous motivating of workers through sharing of values within organization. On the other hand it is used as means of control since in certain circumstances it has more influenceRead MoreApproaches to Environment Education1570 Words   |  7 Pagesthe environment. It is the process of recognizing values and clarifying concepts in order to develop skills and attitudes necessary to understand and appreciate the inter-relatedness among man, his cultur e, and his biophysical surroundings. Environmental education also includes practice in decision-making and self-formulation of a code of behavior about issues concerning environmental quality (IUCN, 1970). Environmental education is a relatively young, dynamic and immensely complex field to  study andRead MoreThe Project Of Cathedral Hill Hospital With Lean Culture1073 Words   |  5 PagesFigure 11. The Project of Cathedral Hill Hospital with Lean Culture Other Lean techniques that the researcher obtained through analyzing collected data are â€Å"customer-supplier† standpoints and the Plan Do Study Act (PDSA) approach. Fundamentally projects utilized Lean principles will pay more attention on the demands of customers to supply exactly what they need and require; therefore, this technique significantly reduce needlessly waste of the project. Likewise, PDSA is mentioned in the continuousRead MoreCorporate Branding is Essential for Todays Competative Market815 Words   |  4 Pagesdifferentiation in the face of duplication and homogenization of products and services. Changes in the attitudes and mindsets of the customers are also making markets more complex and competitive in nature. Hence, companies shifted focus from branding of stand-alone products and services to a branding of the organization itself. Differentiation requires positioning the whole corporation in addition to its products. Accordingly, the corporate branding o riginates from distinct combinations of symbols, values andRead MoreQuestions on Educational Accountability1059 Words   |  4 Pagesthe class as a whole. There is a name to this program but I have forgotten it. The teacher essentially realizes that each student has his particular way of learning things as well as is on a particular level and has a particular personality, hobbies, culture,a nd so forth and therefore needs to be taught in a particular style. Doing this within the classroom room setting as a whole is,generally, difficult, so the teacher gets around this problem by slanting the lesson as a whole to each particularRead MorePhilips and Matsushita1030 Words   |  5 Pageschallenges that each company is facing at the end of the case? What recommendations would you give to the respective CEOs? 1. The two companies, each from different regions of the world, have an extensive history that have caused for different cultures, strategies and structures to be implemented (Bartlett amp; Beamish, 2010: 301). Philips, as an European company with the â€Å"old boys network† originally had a structure that Bartlett and Beamish (2010) classify as the Decentralized Federation. ItRead MoreCharacteristics Of Culture : The Dance, Religion, Music, Food, Customs, And Culture1048 Words   |  5 PagesIn all of the countries around the world, different cultures are owned by the individual countries or rather cultures that relate to specific countries. For instance, India has thousands of cultures that are unique and distinct across all of the communities and religions that are present in India. The dance, religion, music, food, customs, architecture and language in India differ from one region to the other this is because as much as culture is close it cannot be the same across comm unities. Read MoreImportance of Art Education Essay1410 Words   |  6 Pagesbeginning of time. Before humans even developed verbal and written languages, they used movement to communicate and understand. The art of dance teaches students to appreciate our diverse cultures, beliefs and societies; children learn to connect with one another because dance is an important element in almost every culture. Dance education will teach students the basic fundamentals of dance and choreography, self-discipline, focus, problem solving and creativity. What Content Should Be Taught? DanceRead MoreThe Cultural Types Of Water Management Practices968 Words   |  4 Pagescontext, local culture is argued as confusing framework for water governance (Tortajada, 2010). It is different in any regions, because of natural challenges, systems of knowledge and variety of needs. In doing so, it may increase the complexity of water management practices, and should be attached to a specific culture (Jackson, 2006, Pahl-Wostl et al., 2008). Arguably, it is not sufficiently valid and reliable to be used to guide water planning and policy. However, water culture provide reflectiveRead MorePartnership Working Essay1600 Words   |  7 Pagesalso outlines expectations around integrated working bet between health services and social care agencies working towards a single assessment process and joint commissioning. The health act reinforces the importance of joint working The white paper July 2012 also state about working together long term paths and goals for a single assessment proses all working together to ensure all needs are met and people are in control know where to go and how to access making it easier to get what you need and

Your Move Free Essays

In Eve Bunting Your move the main character is James he is mischief. James makes bad decisions, , he is lonely, and wants to fits in. James does not have that much friends. We will write a custom essay sample on Your Move or any similar topic only for you Order Now He tries to get some friends by doing bad things and he brings his brother along while he is doing that. James makes bad decisions because he brings his brother over when he is trying to get into the group. In the story when he climbed up the ladder and came down his brother was crying because he was afraid that he would fall down. He also did not tell anyone he was going out. He also brought him when there was a gun. His brother was scared he was being dragged on his knees. He say † you’re dragging me too fast. Then when they go out of sight they stop and he kneels down to see if his brother was ok and he was bleeding. James basically had to carry him home. James does not have a lot of friends because he stays home with his brother a lot. He seems like he stay home a lot with his brother playing games. He also vandalizes to get friends. That means he is very desperate to have friends. He also has to take care of his brother. His neighbor has to take care of him and he has to thump on the wall. In the story when he was going to be in the group he had to bring his brother.James wants to fit in because he wants to have friends. In the story they told him to go up that tall highway sign and he did it. He did it because he wanted to be cool and have more friends. He was scared but he had to do it because they told him to do it so they would become their friend. He told no one that he was going out to meet with them. He also bring his brother with him. In conclusion james is mischief because he makes bad decisions, he is lonely, and he wants to fit in. He makes bad decisions because he brings his brother to the meet. In the story he did not tell anyone that he was going out with his brother. He does not have a lot of friends because in the story every night he has to take care of his brother when his mom is out. Evidence is that he was that he was vandalizing to have friends. He wants to fit in because he wants to have friends. He vandalized to get friends. This is why james is mischief How to cite Your Move, Papers

Health Care Management Performances of Hospital

Question: Describe about the Health Care Management for Performances of Hospital. Answer: Introduction This particular research work would try to shed light on two parts from two different perspectives. The first part of the research work would try to shed light on analyzing the leading organizational changes along with enhancing the overall performance of the hospital. On the other hand, the second part of this case study analysis would analyze both the personal and organizational analysis. From the case study, it can be found out that Tracey Burns, the Director of Nursing at the King Edgar NHS Hospital Trust was assigned to head a project to enhance the efficiency of patient flows throughout the existing system of the hospital (Barsoux and Gilmartin 2007). This particular case has demonstrated how the nurses are empowered to play a more proactive role in the procedure of discharging the patients. Additionally, the Trust was going through a monetary disaster and it had many complexities in meeting the waiting catalog targets of the government and at the same time was receiving adverse media coverage. Therefore, after departing through this case study, it can be found out that this specific case has looked at how the nurses finally took roles and responsibilities in order to make the final decision for discharging the individuals and this was traditionally the job of the physicians (Barsoux and Gilmartin 2007). This task was hard enough, as it destined the equilibrium of power between the medical doctors and the nurses would change, but in regards for the procedure of modification, there would have to be sharp opposition between these two major groups of the organization. This case would allow a researcher to discuss two separate aspects of change and the first aspect concerns the change procedure. This specific case raises a number of themes to do with the requirement for the top management to build the case for the stressful changes, gather support, provide constant as well as consistent communication, sell gain and pain, encourage accountability, measure progress and sustain momentum for the changes (Barsoux and Gilmartin 2007). Moreover, this has highlighted different ways of developing the commitment and gradually overcoming resistance to the changes. Therefore, it can be stated that this research work has allowed exploring the mapping as well as diagnosis of the addressed issue along with the relevance of the solutions pursued and the metrics introduced (Barsoux and Gilmartin 2007). Part A: Leading Organizational Change; Improving Hospital Performance After merging of three hospitals, the King Edgar Hospitals NHS Trust got a lot of unfavorable media reporting over its waiting record issues along with 30 million economic discrepancy. Apart from that, the Trust members discussed several issues at their monthly meeting and thus it was high time for the organization to take a decision for incorporating change management. For dealing with the addressed situations in the hospital, the Chief Executive, Rodger Andrews requested Tracey Burns, the Executive Director of nursing to take the responsibilities, as being the former matron, she was well aware of the issues in the hospital (Barsoux and Gilmartin 2007). This part of the analysis would particularly evaluate the entire matter under the lights of French and Ravens model of authority and this would be analyzed below. Legitimate: This particular part comes from the faith that a person has the official right to formulate the demands and to anticipate others to be acquiescent and compliant. From the case study, it can be find out that Tracey Burns readily brought herself to the places of the patients and this helped her to take the management decision easily. Apart from that, it can be observed from the research work that beyond the patient perspectives, she was a chance to gradually extent the roles and responsibilities in an environment dominated by the medical professionals. Simons and Leroy (2013) has stated that more largely, lawful power is that depended on social rules and can have more than a few dissimilar forms and not just be depended on proposition: Legitimate situation of power: The social standard of conforming people in a greater position Legitimate supremacy of reciprocity: The standard that one must reimburse those who assist Legitimate power of evenhandedness: The standard of fair play and due recompense Legitimate power of accountability: The norm of communal accountability in assisting others The hospital wanted to enhance its present situation and thus incorporating change management was essential. Reward: Simons and Leroy (2013) has stated that this results from one persons capability to recompense another for fulfillment. One of the main causes people work is for the capital and thus recompense system in the organization is necessary enough. Therefore, it can be stated that the reward power is thus the potentiality to give other people what they require and therefore ask them to do thing in substitute. Tracey Burns wanted to provide some extra power to the nursing staffs of the organization, as rewarding the employees enhance their performance. Tracey Burns believed that empowering the nurses might assist recruit and retain more of them in what had become a very tight labor market. From the case analysis, it can be found out that with its additional potential to relieve waiting lists; this project was a high stakes undertaking on all fronts. From the article, it has been found that based on three metrics named financial performance, cleanliness and staff morale, the trust of the hospital were awarded stars and this was to motivate the employees (Barsoux and Gilmartin 2007). Expert: This particular part is depended on a persons high levels of talent and acquaintance. Tracey Burns was selected by the Chief Executive, as she had some capabilities to manage successfully. She was well aware of the discussed issues in the organization, although her responsibilities were entirely administrative. Tracey Burns had in mind a universal approach to patient release that would begin at the pre-admission phase. Most importantly, it can be stated that more controversially, she nurtured plans to introduce nurse-led discharges that would mean nurses would take over responsibility from specialist physicians to make the final decision to discharge a patient. Tracey Burns arranged a workshop on enhancing the employee performance, as she was expert in that domain (Anderson 2013). Referent: Simons and Leroy (2013) has said that referent is the consequence of a persons professed magnetism, praiseworthiness and right to others admiration. It can be stated that the power of personality and fame is exercised by all celebrities as well as more communal leaders. In spite of many managing heads in the organization, Tracey Burns was selected for bringing the change management in the organization and this was because of the fact that she was capable enough to handle all the odd issues in the organization (Barsoux and Gilmartin 2007). Coercive: Following this model, it can be stated that this comes from the faith that a human being can chastise others for non-compliance. This is the power to force someone to do something against their determination and this is the power of authoritarians, depots and intimidates. Other structures of power can also be used in coercive procedures, such as when a prize or proficiency is suspended or referent power is used to intimidate communal segregation (Barsoux and Gilmartin 2007). Informational: This last part results from a persons capability for controlling the data that others require to complete something. Information by itself might not be sufficient for this and therefore be sustained by an argument as to why the data should be supposed. Tracey Burns was well informed about the present situation of the hospital and thus she was elected for a sensible and responsible post (Barsoux and Gilmartin 2007). From the case study, it can be seen that the discharge planning initiatives benefited because the lead matron, Helen Edwards had formerly been her hospitals link matron for the issues adjacent discharge. This was obvious for her to build on that experience and within two weeks after the first workshop, she produced a report named changing culture and enhancing discharge performance. This report outlined the scope of the initiative for the ward sisters and nurses. Apart from that, this report stressed that it was one of the main priorities for the trust and that discharge planning started from the moment of a patients admission in the hospital (Barsoux and Gilmartin 2007). After analyzing this part, it is necessary enough to focus on nurse-led discharge. From the investigation of the case study, it can be found out that subsequent to the first matrons workshop in April 2003, the immediate challenge for the nurse-led discharge project had been the development of the project. In order to make the entire part smooth enough, Assistant Director of Nursing from Bronte Hospital volunteered for taking responsibilities for the initiative along with a matron from maternity department of the same hospital. It can be stated that an appropriate background is often obtainable as the reason why the hospitals all through the globe have been incapable to accomplish best practices. Many researchers have concluded that the organizational culture of the hospitals limit the capability of these organizations to enhance their performance, specifically in relation to enhance safety and quality. Simons and Leroy (2013) has stated that establishment of a better culture most of the time presented as the resolution to quality, safety, productivity and financial issues in the hospitals. Investigation of the research work has indicated that certain management conditions are required before change of the culture can be contemplated. This paper has suggested that people often underestimate the significance of people management in enhancing several practices in hospitals with the three major significant aspects of being the development of teamwork, sophisticated training and performance management. After analyzing this paper, it can be concluded that this analysis has present the proof of the possible payment in good people administration has the potentiality to contribute in high performance and an argument has been made that superior people administration is a reason, not a conclusion of the cultural changes (Barsoux and Gilmartin 2007). Throughout the analysis of the entire research work, it has been found that the King Edgar NHS Hospital has been suffering through efficient management and an immediate change was required. Moreover, there was lack of administrative care as well as the misinterpretation of the facts and figures. Lack of supervision and coordination from the part of higher management and authority has brought the condition of the King Edgar NHS Hospital top this level. In order to deal with the addressed situation, a workshop was conducted to get everybody thinking about the improvements. However, it is important to mention here that in the atmosphere of widespread anxiety and change fatigue, nothing came of it. Tracey Burns was specially disappointed by the evidence of a blame culture that had permeated the workshop. She found that the social services were responsible for all the discharge issues because in many cases they failed to propose a proper and timely solution for the patients (Barsoux and G ilmartin 2007). Collaboration among the doctors and the nurses were poor and this was responsible for the present situation of King Edgar NHS Hospital. The major idea of the workshop was to properly and clearly underline that the nurses had both the authority as well as the expertise for sorting out the production line (Barsoux and Gilmartin 2007). Moreover, this case study analysis has pointed out several effective ways of developing the obligation and steadily overcoming confrontation to the changes. Therefore, it can be stated that this research work has allowed discovering the mapping as well as analysis of the addressed issue along with the significance of the solutions pursued and the metrics introduced (Barsoux and Gilmartin 2007). Part B: Personal and Organizational Analysis The organizational culture of a company plays a vital role in the success of the organization. The beliefs, ideologies as well as the cultural assumptions of the employees determine the way in which the employees of the organization interact with each other. The Al-Jazeera Hospital, just like any other health care organization, must ensure that there is high level of involvement and professionalism among the employees, and that each employee is equally enthusiastic to contribute to the well-being of the patients. The present task intends to analyze the organizational culture of the Al Jazeera Hospital in the light of the Goffee Jones Framework. The Goffee Jones cultural model is an important model of organizational management that claims that solidarity is the most important feature that must characterize the organizational culture of any company. The positive solidarity among the employees is highly desirable, for organizational success, as it helps in joint, integrated effort towards achieving a singular objective. The model also intends to emphasize the importance of social skills among the employees of an organization, as it helps in promoting a sense of unity among them that ultimately helps in better co-ordination, ultimately bringing in organizational success. From the organizational analysis, it has been observed that there is a high sense of professionalism among the employees of the Al Jazeera Hospital, as a result of which they fail to communicate well with the colleagues. Besides, due to lack of effective communication among the employees, the administrative head of the hospital, fails to plan and organize the business plans, or motivate the employees to follow the implemented strategies. As a result, it has an adverse impact on the positive organizational behavior of the hospital. According to the Goffee and Cultural mode, the sociability among the employees is ones of the key determinants of the success of the organization. In case an organization intends to achieve long-term sustainability, it must ensure that each employee in an organization has a sense of mutual esteem, care and concern for the other colleagues. As far as the social skills of the employees of Al Jazeera Hospital are concerned, it has been observed that the element of sociability is not too high. Although the workplace atmosphere is apparently friendly, as the physicians and the nurses have a good rapport and an admirable sense of understanding, such relations exist mostly on the superficial level. Once a nurse, a supervisor or a health consultant leaves the hospital, the connection of the employees with him is lost forever. Friendship exists only on a professional level. Hence, as and when a radical change is introduced in the organization, the employees show a sense of resistance and fear , rather than complying with the changed situation. However, some employees do share a personal bond and a profound sense of unity and belonging to the same institution, that has increased their productivity and efficiency at workplace. However, at times, it has been observed that the doctors do not share a sense of rapport with each nurse, and hence on several occasions, failed to communicate the information about the health care service to be delivered. This often leads to the perpetration of medical errors that cause severe injury or even unexpected patient death. The hospital has also reported incidents of delay in treatment procedure, wrong-site surgeries fatal fall that has been ruining the reputation of the organization, lately. Consequently, this is also having a negative impact on the organizational behavior of the employees. Although the employees go along well, during free time, there is a lack of sense of attachment and co-ordination among the employees. As a result, whe n anything goes wrong, the employees instead of trying to find a comprehensive solution to the problem, initiates the blame game. This further leads to the creation of organizational clash and conflict, and affects the positive organizational behavior of the employees (Wamba 2012). Al Jazeera hospital is required to create a workplace atmosphere that encourages good relation among the team members, team control and co-ordination and confidence and faith in the decisions of the other team mates. The verbal mode of communication among the employees was also found to be inconsistent, except in professional fields. Hence, the employees are losing a sense of motivation that is leading to the problem of low retention rate and high employee turnover rates. Besides, due to lack of effective communication, the quality of health service offered by the hospital is low, and there is a greater chance of medical errors, adverse events and compromises for the patient safety, within the organization. However, since this is hampering the productivity and reputation of the organization, the organization needs to introduce interactive sessions, and fun activities and games, so as to promote unity and attachment among the employees. These also help them to get rid of occupational stress, and help them in improving the employee satisfaction. Besides, it is also evident that the organization needs to organize different seminars and workshops that will help the employees deal with occupational difficulties, by reducing any kind of communication problem (Wamba 2012). The workplace interrelation among the employees is more professional, and less personal. Hence, although the employees have good connections among each other that lead to the creation of a moderately pleasant and productive atmosphere the issue of employee loyalty is questionable. According to the Goffee and Jones Model, positive sociability is very important for creating a positive workplace environment. This people-centric approach in work helps in flexible decision making process, increased rate of employee satisfaction and motivation and an integrated approach to achieve organizational goal. Here, there is a striking absence of a sense of unity among the employees. Almost each of the health professionals is highly professional in their work, and thus, these employees are too defensive and self-assertive during the times of crisis. The employees are primarily driven by personal motives and selfish interest, and hence they fail to look beyond their personal gains, in order to contr ibute to the success of the hospital (Hamdi et al. 2012). Solidarity is also an important concept in the Goffee and Jones Cultural Model that claims that while working in an organization, each of the employees is required to think in the very same direction, and must have almost a similar purpose of working in the company. The employees working in the Al Jazeera hospital enjoy a unity of interest, professional objectives and standards that help in the improvement of the employee retention and can potentially help in reducing the rate of employee turnover. Each of the health professionals working in the hospital works with one common motto- to deliver high quality health care, with the help of 100 % dedication to the patient at hand. The unity of purpose is further boosted, by regular meetings organized by the management authority of the organization at regular intervals (Hamdi et al. 2012). Each of the employees has sufficient, comprehensive knowledge about the strategic goals, objectives and vision of the organization. Because of the presence of employee solidarity among the nurses, physicians and the supervisors, each of the employees are always prepared to extend help and support to the other employees, and share responsibilities among themselves. Thus, the employee solidarity is an important factor that is able to exercise an overall positive impact on the functioning of the organization. Unlike the other organizations, in case of the health care organizations, the notion of solidarity is rather quite new. However, in Al Jazeera hospital, the employees work with a sense of interdependence for delivering high quality care to the patients. It is worth-mentioning here, that because of a strong sense of solidarity among the employees, the nurses and the physicians are being encouraged to value the contribution of other colleagues, and to appreciate the impact made by th em, in the organizational activities. The sense of solidarity among the medical professionals helps in resolving the workplace conflict among the employees. It has been observed that each of the employees is aware of the immediate business goals that they intend to achieve over the given period of time. The health professionals, medical experts, nurse practitioners of the organization work with the wildly optimistic goals, and hence their joint effort and a positive attitude are reflected in their strong endeavor to deliver high quality treatment to the patients (Hamdi et al. 2012). Each of the employees of the organization shares the goals and objectives, necessary for achieving organizational success. This helps in goal alignment, whereby the managers and the administrative heads of the hospital communicate the strategic business plans to the employees. This clear line of communication helps in the effective implementation of business plans. By helping the employees work with the same motive, and in the very same direction, the organization has succeeded in offering adaptability and flexibility to the employees, in their day-to-day operation. It should be noted that collaboration is a very complex process, and yet it needs the employees take joint responsibility for delivering healthcare facility to the patients. The health professionals utilize most of the interactions among the team members. This helps them to provide positive patient outcome. It should be remembered that the employee collaboration in case of Al Jazeera hospital does not necessarily imply ex cessive managerial intervention or supervision. Instead, the effective collaborative relationship among the employees provides opportunity for mutual trust, care and confidence among the employees of the organization. Although the sense of collaboration and harmony in health care centers is indeed quite rare, yet it facilitates in better outcome for patients. The doctors as well as the nurses believe in behaving in a highly co-operative way, characterized by a sense of reciprocity. Although the hospital often witnesses incidents of internal conflict, ultimately posing a threat to the future sustainability of the organization, the health professionals share a strong sense of responsibility towards the patient (LaPierre and Zimmerman 2012). The collective expertise of the healthcare team is highly important, especially while delivering primary health care service to the patients. In case of fatal diseases, or for treating patients with critical ailments, it is imperative to provide a multidisciplinary care to the patients. The organization already enjoys a highly flexible culture, and due to the absence of strong external intervention, the hospital affects the employee solidarity in a positive way. The leadership style adopted by the organization has also an important role to play in creating a positive solidarity among the employees (Wamba 2012). The organization adopts the transformational leadership style, as a result of which the employees are being encouraged and motivated to transcend their selfish interest and motives for the good of the group. The lack of communication, a sense of awkwardness or even lack of proper co-ordination can impede the progress of work. As a result, the employees work with greater enthus iasm and a greater sense of responsibility for delivering best quality treatment and individual attention to each patient. Conclusion It is evident that efficient management and systematic administrative control is highly necessary for any organization if it intends to deliver high quality health care facility to the employees. In case of the case study it has been observed, that due to lack of roper administration and managerial supervision, there is a lack of co-ordination and integrity among the health professionals working in the health care center. It is evident that the organization requires taking immediate corrective action and adopting the transformational or at least participative leadership style for daily operation of the activities. In case of the Al Jazeera hospital, it has been observed that though the healthcare professionals are highly professional at workplace, they share a sense of mutual trust, confidence and co-ordination that helps in offering high quality service to each patient. Besides, it also enables the smooth, fast and effective delivery of healthcare service to the patients. Reference List: Hesselink, G., Vernooij-Dassen, M., Pijnenborg, L., Barach, P., Gademan, P., Dudzik-Urbaniak, E., Flink, M., Orrego, C., Toccafondi, G., Johnson, J.K. and Schoonhoven, L., 2013. Organizational culture: an important context for addressing and improving hospital to community patient discharge.Medical care,51(1), pp.90-98. Jacobs, R., Mannion, R., Davies, H.T., Harrison, S., Konteh, F. and Walshe, K., 2013. The relationship between organizational culture and performance in acute hospitals.Social science medicine,76, pp.115-125. Montgomery, A., Todorova, I., Baban, A. and Panagopoulou, E., 2013. Improving quality and safety in the hospital: The link between organizational culture, burnout, and quality of care.British journal of health psychology,18(3), pp.656-662. Wamba, S.F., 2012. RFID-enabled healthcare applications, issues and benefits: An archival analysis (19972011).Journal of medical systems,36(6), pp.3393-3398. LaPierre, T.A. and Zimmerman, M.K., 2012. Career advancement and gender equity in healthcare management.Gender in Management: An International Journal,27(2), pp.100-118. Hamdi, N., Oweis, R., Zraiq, H.A. and Sammour, D.A., 2012. An intelligent healthcare management system: A new approach in work-order prioritization for medical equipment maintenance requests.Journal of medical systems,36(2), pp.557-567.

Will Genetically Modified Foods Doom Us All

Table of Contents What Are Genetically Modified Foods? History of Genetically Modified Foods Prevalence and Involved Plants Benefits of Genetically Modified Foods Environmental Safety Food Safety Works Cited Genetically Modified Foods refer to foods obtained from crops whose genetic composition has been altered. This is done in two main ways: traditional selection and breeding, and use of scientific technology. Almost everyone in the world, including scientists, public officials, and religious groups, has been expressing concerns about the new way of confronting world hunger through genetically modified (GM) foods.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Will Genetically Modified Foods Doom Us All? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More People have also been complaining about agribusiness because it only cares about making profit. Although GM foods are capable of resolving most starvation and malnutrition issues, as well as aiding in the protection and conservation of the environment, they pose various human health and environmental risks. What Are Genetically Modified Foods? GM foods are foods that are produced from crops that have been genetically altered through advanced molecular biology skills. Plants are genetically altered to increase their nutritional values to fight malnutrition around the world. Some plants are genetically modified to resist pests so that food security is available by ensuring good crops. Before the advances in molecular biology skills, we were able to develop these qualities in plants by crossbreeding them, â€Å"marrying† one type of plant to another type. However, this still was not adequate because the world’s population increases by the millions per day and the creation of these hybrid plants is time consuming and not exactly successful. That is why genetic engineering is mostly used today instead of crossbreeding. Genetic engineering cannot only alter plants to produce the desired outcome, it can do it precisely. One easy way to explain what scientists do is that they separate a gene from a plant that has the desired qualities and then insert the gene into the host plant’s gene. Any kind of genes can be used, an animal’s or a plant’s gene can be relocated to another plant. One of the most desired outcomes from a crop is the ability to grow tolerance to the effects of herbicide. A good example of Genetic Modification Crop is the use of Bacillus thuringiensis genes in corn and other crops (Makoni and Mohammed-Katerere 303). Bacillus thuringiensis is a naturally occurring bacterium that generates a crystal protein that is toxic to caterpillars. When the gene of Bacillus thuringiensis is inserted into a corn gene, the corn becomes intolerable to caterpillars. In other words, the corn generates its own pesticide. History of Genetically Modified Foods The first ever genetically modified crops were produced i n the 1980s. However, the earliest food to arrive in US supermarkets was Flavr Savr tomatoes, which were introduced in 1994. With a particularly solid skin, the Flavr Savr guaranteed a longer shelf life than nearly all other tomatoes (Zinnen and Voichick 31). Scientist had removed the gene that controls the softening of the tomato. Unfortunately, Flavr Savr tomatoes were discontinued due to their high market price.Advertising Looking for research paper on agriculture? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Genetically modified foods make exaggerated promises for confronting a number of our greatest problems. Similar to all new technologies, the genetic modification of foods presents some risks, both recognized and unrecognized. Arguments surrounding GM foods usually focus on environmental and human safety. According to the documentary film The Future of Food, a debate, whether the use of GM should be continued or discontinued, has be en ongoing among farmers, giant biotech corporations, the government, and consumers. The genetic modification of Flavr Savr tomatoes is one example of how the government helped to introduce GM foods into the US market. Before the tomatoes were brought into the market, Calgene had done several voluntary testing on rats that had consumed the tomatoes. They found lesions in the rats’ stomachs. Despite these findings, the government approved the tomatoes for sale in May 1994 (The Future of Food). In 2001, Americans became aware that GM foods were part of their everyday diet due to the ingestion of genetically modified food by Grace Booth that sent her to hospital and late, she was diagnosed with severe allergic reaction. Since then, consumers have been active in the debate. In 2002, a concerned mother in Oregon took the initiative to push for labeling of genetically modified products; however this campaign was defeated by the $4.6 million spent on the industry’s counter ca mpaign. In 1992, the government helped promote GMO products again. Vice President Dan Quayle stated: â€Å"We will ensure that biotech products will receive the same oversight as other products instead of being hammered by unnecessary regulations.† What he was actually recommending was that there should be no regulations at all on GMO products. GM food later was placed under the category generally recognized as safe (GRAS). The forces behind GM food received regulatory approval by claiming that the process is â€Å"substantially equivalent† to classical breeding practices and therefore should not be regulated. There has been much corroboration between the giant biotech company Monsanto and the government. For example, Micky Kantor, who was secretary of commerce, also served as Board of Director of Mosanto and Lidia Watrud, an Environmental Protection Agency and also Monsanto researcher; and the list goes on and on. However, what truly allow farmers to go on producing G M corn are subsidies from the government.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Will Genetically Modified Foods Doom Us All? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Prevalence and Involved Plants According to the United States Department of Agriculture and the FDA, over forty plant types exist that have fulfilled all of the national requirements for selling (Sforza). Examples of these plants include cantaloupes and tomatoes that have customized ripening traits, sugar beets and soy beans that are anti-herbicides, cotton plants and corn with improved resistance to vermin, and potato plants with the genes of chickens and giant silk moths to increase disease resistance. However, not all of these products have been available in supermarkets or grocery stores until now. Still, the number of GM foods that are available in US supermarkets is large. Even though there are only a few wholly genetically modified vegetables, fru its, and crops available, almost anything else that is sold in supermarkets contains at least some amount of genetically modified ingredients, unprocessed ingredients come from several places. How would you like to know that your potato was mixed with chicken and giant silk moth genes or that your corn contains the genes of fireflies (Zinnen and Voichick 35)? Benefits of Genetically Modified Foods GM foods do have several benefits. These benefits are directly related to human health and the environment. The first benefit of a GM food is pest resistance. Did you know that the total loss from pests account for 65–80% of attainable yields (Oerke and Dehne). These crop losses due to insect vermin can be overwhelming. Insects not only create devastating economic losses for farmers but also create malnutrition or famine in developing nation. Another argument in support of GM foods is that every year agriculturists use several tons of chemical insect killers. It is proven that eatin g food that is treated with high amounts of pesticides may cause potential health hazards to consumers. Finally, the use of these pesticides and fertilizers may contaminate the water supply. At the end of the farming season, the land is washed away by water, and this water carries all the toxic chemicals, resulting in environmental pollution. Planting GM crops such as corn that is inserted with Bacillus thuringiensis can help in eradicating the use of these toxic chemicals and decrease the market price because the yield of crops (supply) will be greater. Hence, potential hazards, environmental risks, and world hunger could be reduced.Advertising Looking for research paper on agriculture? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The second benefit of GM foods is that genetic modification provides herbicide tolerance (â€Å"Herbicide Use and GM Crops† 1). Usually, farmers spray vast amounts of weed killers rather than eliminate them through physical methods, such as digging. Weed killers are easier to apply and longer lasting. Through the use of GM crop plants, which can resist potent herbicides, environmental harm can be diminished by decreasing the quantity of herbicides used. For example, Monsanto has produced a strain of soybeans genetically modified so that the more tolerant to herbicide effect. A farmer cultivating these soybeans only needs to make a single application of herbicides instead of several applications, thereby decreasing production expenditure and the risks of agricultural-waste overspill. The third benefit is disease resistance. A wide variety of fungi, viruses, and bacteria exist that can lead to the loss of crops through infection. Biologists are trying to produce plants with gen etically modified resistance to these infections. This will in turn lead to a healthier environment because fewer toxic substances will be introduced into the environment for disease-resistance purposes. Disease resistant crops will result in high food production because of reduced losses of crops in the field and few costs of disease prevention. This will ultimately lead to sustainable food security in the world. The fourth benefit of GM foods is cold tolerance (Liang and Skinner 145). Unpredicted frost can annihilate vulnerable sprouts. Plants that are modified are less susceptible to temperatures that typically would kill unmodified sprouts through the use of antifreeze genes. For example, a gene from fish that live in cold water has been introduced in several plants that include tobacco and potatoes. This gene is antifreeze and helps these plants withstand extremely cold environments that would otherwise destroy them. These plants will increases food production, which in turn so lves some of the world’s hunger problem. In addition, it will also lower market value because greenhouses are not needed. The fifth benefit is salinity tolerance. Because the world’s population has increased and more land is used to build shelter than to grow food, farmers will have to cultivate crops in places formerly inappropriate for plant farming. Hence, there is a need for developing plants that can endure long phases of drought or high-salt conditions from the groundwater. For example, a tomato species that grows in salty environments has been developed.GM foods will help to increase food production in the world and hence counter instances of hunger in many parts of the world. The sixth benefit is nutrition. Undernourishment is widespread in developing countries, where people living in poverty depend on a single crop like rice as the main food staple. One of the more recent innovations in the field of GM foods is the invention of golden rice, rice that has been genetically modified to contain beta-carotene. Beta-carotene gives the grain a golden color. When it is consumed, the carotenoids transform into vitamin A in the body. Vitamin A deficiency is a common cause of blindness and child mortality in underdeveloped countries. Other crops that have been genetically modified to increase their nutritive value include corn, cassava, bananas and sorghum. They all have higher levels of minerals and vitamins compared to conventional types. Because the Rockefeller Foundation financed the creation of this rice, the organization is going to present rice seeds at no cost to any developing nation that needs them, with the aim of improving human health. Consumption of these biofortified foods could help improve the health of people in underdeveloped and developing countries. The seventh benefit of genetically modified foods is their economic viability. The technology has been largely beneficial in developing countries where it is credited with creation of jobs and increased income. Genetically modified foods are high yielding and many employees are needed to handle the crops in all the stages of processing and storage. For example, a recent study conducted in India revealed that Bt cotton, a genetically modified type of cotton, generates income that is 82% higher than the income generated by conventional cotton types. This gain in income contributes in the overall growth of the economy. Studies have shown that the income generated from Bt cotton, be it direct or indirect, raises the financial aggregate of India by $2 billion every year. A large portion of this income goes to households that live below the poverty line. In china, income generated by Bt cotton is in the range of $1 billion dollars every year. Genetically modified foods are contributing significantly in alleviating poverty and growing the economies of countries such as Pakistan, Argentina, South Africa, Mexico and Burkina Faso. The last benefit is in relation to phar maceuticals. Vaccines and drugs often are expensive to manufacture and at times need storage environments that are not available in developing nations. Scientists are now trying to create harmless vaccines and drugs that will naturally occur in potatoes and tomatoes. Bananas are also being genetically modified to cure hepatitis B (12 Bizarre Examples of Genetic Engineering: Banana Vaccines). Many fruits are now genetically modified by researchers to produce vaccines; however, banana is the most ideal. It will be easier to store these drugs and vaccines in the foods than to transport and direct vaccines injection, hence improving human health. Environmental Safety A key area of concern regarding GM foods is environmental safety. Critics and environmentalists are concerned about destruction to other species and the unintended effects of gene modification. Intended to fight pests, gene modification can disturb a range of balances in the environment. Studies reveal that pollen from B.t. (Bacillus thuringiensis) corn results in elevated death rates in Monarch butterfly caterpillars (Hellmich 1). Monarch caterpillars use milkweed plants instead of corn as a host plant. However, the concern is that if pollen from B.t. corn is delivered by the wind onto milkweed vegetation in near regions, the caterpillars might consume the pollen and die. Sadly, B.t. contaminants kill several classes of insect larvae randomly. Currently, it is not possible to modify B.t. venom to destroy only crop-destructive pests and spare all other species right now, although in the future such advanced technology may be possible. The rise of â€Å"excellent† weeds and â€Å"excellent† pests is also an area of concern. Crops that have been modified for herbicide tolerance and weeds might crossbreed as the windborne plant’s pollen migrates and thus create unwanted weeds (Tambornino 5). These enhanced weeds will likely be able to tolerate herbicides, so they will be more difficu lt to eradicate. Some farmers have decided to eradicate weeds by physical means. GM foods also can carry a devastating effect on soil ecosystem. The chances for soil biota to be exposed to these genetically modified genes are high. Although there has not been a lot of research conducted in this area, it is proven that these B.t toxic remains active in the soil for 140 days more or less and it also affect insects. These cause worries as these toxics can be passed on to other organisms that feed on these insects. This also would be a serious concern for poor farmers in developing countries who refused to use chemical fertilizers. It is because soil fertility will be reduced dramatically as these B.t toxins slow down the rates of decomposition and nutrient release that are done by soil organisms. Another particular environmental hazard is the possibility for wild crosspollination to occur (â€Å"GM Foods Renewed Threat† 1). Other modified plants’ genes may intersect with normal crops placed beside GM crops. Related concerns involve the involuntary formation of new super pests that would be resistant to several insect killers. In a similar fashion that some bacteria grow tolerant to nearly all antibiotics in the human body due to the excessive use of antibiotics, GMO farming can result in pesticide-resistant â€Å"excellent† pests. One such case study involves a legal suit brought by Monsanto. The corporation filed a patent violation against the farmers who they alleged were producing GM crops without using Monsanto GM seeds and paying Monsanto reimbursement (â€Å"Percy Schmeiser Stands Up to Monsanto†). However, it was found out later that the farmer’s crops had been polluted by another farmer’s GM crops planted a few miles away. Food Safety Another concern that GM foods bring with them are the chances of new allergies being produced (Tambornino 5). Data shows that almost a quarter of Americans show an adverse effect to one or more foods. Opponents of GMOs say that adding genes to plants can bring about extra food allergies and thus have adverse health effects. Several children in Europe and the United States have experienced acute allergies to peanuts and other foods. Again, the suggestion to integrate a genetic material from Brazil nuts into soybeans was dismissed because of the fear of causing unanticipated allergic responses. Several people are concerned that if one of the genes from a nut were transmitted to a new food crop, people with an allergy to nuts could unknowingly eat the allergen and suffer potentially dangerous effects. Therefore, the modification of genes from known allergenic foods is rejected unless it can be verified that the end product is not allergic. Developed foods usually are not examined for allergenic characteristics. So far, genetically modified foods in the market have had no allergic consequences. However, because of the fear of having allergic reactions to food, the European Union (EU) decided to ban most imports of GM food. Recently, the EU banned contaminated honey with trace amounts of pollen from genetically modified corn  from general sale (Phillips). There is a rising fear that introducing â€Å"alien† genes into crop plants might have unanticipated and harmful effects on human health. The latest studies show that there are significant differences in the guts of rodents that consume genetically modified food and rats that consume unmodified food (Tambornino 5). This study was done by Arpad Pusztai. After the trials, he found out that the all the rats are underweight but this is expected for a potato – based died. Disturbingly, upon dissection he found out that the rats that have been fed by GM potatoes have lower organs weight and depressed immune system. This has been confirmed by him that the changes found in those rats were due to the DNA construct used regularly for making GM foods. However, most scientists say that GM foods do not pose human health risks. Therefore, a broad assessment of GM foods may be needed to ensure that GM foods will not harm people with food allergies. Classification of GM foods and foodstuffs will obtain new significance. In conclusion, genetic modification can create plants that produce products with the desired features quickly and precisely. However, genetically modified foods have a large variety of impacts on human beings and the environment. A key area of concern regarding GM foods is environmental safety. The production of GM foods can kill other species, such as Monarch butterflies, and it can create wild crosspollination (i.e., the superweed). GM foods can destroy the balance of nature and create a death cycle in which normal crops are modified to have higher tolerance to pests, and, because of their higher tolerance, pests become even more tolerant and hence stronger methods are required to control them. Surely, people just want what is best for everyone. Produc ers want to make profits, and consumers want a safe environment. However, consumers should be the top priority here because they are the ones who fund the production of GM foods. It all falls in the hands of the consumers. Even if the government decides to fund the production of GM foods, what can it do if people reject the foods? How can producers keep insisting on producing GM foods as they watch their own environment deteriorate? At some point, the value of life will outweigh money. Until then, the selling of GM foods should be stopped until the science is perfected. Currently, the risks and benefits of GM foods are almost equally balanced. The benefits and risks counter each other. However, there are still risks in GM foods. Scientists have said that they have not found any health concerns in humans when they consumed GM foods, but GM foods have had some effects on rodent test subjects. Researchers found that the rodents fed GM food showed significant differences in their stomac hs from rodents that were fed non modified food. Despite these concerns, GM food is still widely available in supermarkets. Are you willing to risk your family’s and your health by consuming these products? Throughout the years, the secrets of GMO have been buried by Monsanto. If GM foods are safe, why is Monsanto trying so hard to conceal GM ingredients or to cover up the fact that these GM foods are harmful to rodent test subjects? Now that the truth is out, it is up to you to decide what to believe and what changes to make. Works Cited â€Å"12 Bizarre Examples of Genetic Engineering: Banana Vaccines.† Mother Nature Network.Web.. Flores, Vanessa S., and Allan J. Tobin. â€Å"Genetically Modified (GM) Foods Teaching Critical Thinking.†Ã‚  American Biology Teacher  65.3 (2003): 180-4.  ERIC.  Web.. Garcia, Maria Alice, and Miguel A. Altieri. â€Å"Transgenic Crops: Implications for Biodiversity and Sustainable Agriculture.†Bulletin of Science Tech nology and Society  25.4 (2005): 335-53.  ERIC.  Web.. â€Å"Genetically Modified (GM) Foods—Renewed Threat to Europe.† banGMFood.org. Web. Hall, Clare, and Dominic Moran. â€Å"Investigating GM Risk Perceptions: A Survey of Anti-GM and Environmental Campaign Group Members.†Ã‚  Journal of Rural Studies  22.1 (2006): 29-37.  ERIC.  Web.. Hellmich, Richard. â€Å"Monarch Butterflies and Bt Corn.† Web.. â€Å"Herbicide Use and GM Crops.† Friends of the Earth. Web.. Liang, George H., and Daniel Z. Skinner. Genetically Modified Crops: Their Development, Uses, and Risks. New York, NY: Food Products Press, 2004. Print. Makoni, Nathaniel, and Jennifer Mohammed-Katerere. â€Å"Genetically Modified Crops.† Slideshare. Web.. Oerke, E.-C., and H.-W. Dehne, â€Å"Safeguarding Production—Losses in Major Crops and the Role of Crop Protection.†Web.. â€Å"Percy Schmeiser Stands Up To—and Takes Down—Monsanto.† V egsource. Web.. Phillips, Leigh. â€Å"EU Bans GM-Contaminated Honey from General Sale† The Guardian. Web.. Sforza, Kevin, Tyler Bazzoli, Zachary Boyles, and Ashley Bloxom. â€Å"Are GM Foods More Harm than Good?† Genetically Modified Foods. Web.. Sorgo, Andrej, and Jana Ambrozic-Dolinsek. â€Å"Knowledge of, Attitudes Toward, and Acceptance of Genetically Modified Organisms among Prospective Teachers of Biology, Home Economics, and Grade School in Slovenia.†Ã‚  Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Education  38.3 (2010): 141-50.  ERIC.  Web.. Tambornino, Lisa. â€Å"Genetically Modified Foods.† DRZE. Web.27 Oct. 2012. The Future of Food. Dir. Deborah Koons. Perf. Andrew Kimbrell. Lily Films, 2004. DVD. Zinnen, Tom, and Jane Voichick.â€Å"Biotechnology and Food: Leader and Participant Guide.† Web.. This research paper on Will Genetically Modified Foods Doom Us All? was written and submitted by user Alondra Maynard to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

SEVIS - visa de estudiante F-1 y de intercambio J-1

SEVIS - visa de estudiante F-1 y de intercambio J-1    El SEVIS es un formulario que deben cubrir y pagar los extranjeros que desean estudiar en Estados Unidos (F-1, F-3 y M-1) y los que aplican a una visa de intercambio J-1. Quà © es el SEVIS Es un programa del gobierno americano que sirve para controlar las escuelas, universidades y programas de intercambio que acogen a extranjeros y tambià ©n a estos durante su estancia en Estados Unidos. Es un sistema basado en internet que da acceso a diferentes agencias gubernamentales para que puedan tener conocimiento al momento sobre cierta informacià ³n sobre los extranjeros en programas de estudio o de intercambio. A quià ©nes aplica A los estudiantes que van a realizar a estudios para estudiar inglà ©s, universitarios, de posgrado y vocacionales para lo cual precisan de una visa F-1, F-3 para estudiantes fronterizos, o una M-1.  Tambià ©n aplica a la gran mayorà ­a de solicitantes de visas de intercambio J-1. Si se quiere estudiar high school, conviene entender cules son todas las opciones de visa. Cunto se tiene que pagar y cà ³mo Las tarifas actuales son de $200 para los titulares de las visas tipo F y M. Los de las visas J abonarn $180 con excepcià ³n de au pairs o nià ±eras y los participantes en los programas de trabajar y viajar en verano o que viajan a Estados Unidos como monitores de campamento, ya que sà ³lo deben abonar $35. El pago puede hacerse por internet en una pgina oficial rellenando el formulario I-901, siendo necesario tener una tarjeta de crà ©dito con la que hacer el pago. Al momento se recibe el justificante de haber pagado y debe imprimirse. Tambià ©n puede pagarse mediante Western Union o cheque en dà ³lares, pero es necesario que sea de un banco en los Estados Unidos. Adems, hay que tener en cuenta que las personas admitidas en ms de un programa debern abonar la tarifa para cada uno de ellos. Quià ©nes no tienen que pagar el SEVIS Las personas con visas derivadas, esto es, con una F-2, M-2 o J-2. Son los familiares directos del titular de la visa que viajan con à ©l o ella a Estados Unidos. Adems, no estn obligados a pagar esta cuota los extranjeros que aplican por una visa J-1 cuando à ©sta forme parte de un programa gubernamental de educacià ³n o de intercambio. Si no se est seguro de si se est dentro de esta categorà ­a se puede verificar el formulario D-2019, donde pone nà ºmero de programa si à ©ste empieza con la letra y el nà ºmero G-1, G-2 o G-3 entonces no hay que pagar por el SEVIS. Por à ºltimo, tampoco debern hacer este pago las personas con un documento D-2019 (para los que tienen las visas J-1) o un I-20 (para los estudiantes) que fue emitido con anterioridad al primero de septiembre de 2004. Cundo se debe hacer el pago Una vez que se recibe el formulario I-20 (estudiantes) o el DS-2019 (extranjeros en un programa de intercambio) pero antes de solicitar la visa y, por supuesto, antes de acudir a la oficina consular o Embajada americana para la entrevista. De hecho, al acudir a las instalaciones americanas debe llevarse un justificante del pago. Posibles problemas a tener en cuenta Adems, el pago del SEVIS tienen una validez de 12 meses. Si por cualquier razà ³n la peticià ³n de visa es rechazada y se vuelve a aplicar en el plazo de un aà ±o, no habr que pagar de nuevo por tal concepto (de SEVIS, sà ­ habr que abonar de nuevo la cuota del visado). Por à ºltimo, si no se consigue la visa porque la aplicacià ³n es rechazada no se recuperar el dinero pagado por el SEVIS (ni tampoco por haber aplicado por el visado). Adems, para obtener una visa no inmigrante, como la de estudiante o intercambio, y tambià ©n para renovarla es necesario cumplir dos requisitos: ser elegible para la visa y ser admisible a Estados Unidos. Si no se cumplen, habr problemas. Incluso puede ser negado el ingreso a USA por el oficial del control migratorio, aà ºn cuando se tenga una visa vigente. Estas son 20 causas que pueden convertir a una persona en inelegible (son comunes a la visa de turista) y estas son 22 que convierten a un extranjero en inadmisible.   Si se obtiene la visa, es muy importante estar en todo momento en situacià ³n de estatus migratorio vlido. Para ello evitar situaciones que pueden parecer poco relevantes pero que, en realidad, tienen consecuencias migratorias muy graves, por ejemplo, la posesià ³n de marihuana (mariguana, cannabis). De interà ©s para estudiantes internacionales (visa F-1) Estudiar en Estados Unidos es caro, por lo que es importante intentar obtener becas, por ejemplo, estas  13 universidades de à ©lite con admisiones need-blind (becas con todo -o casi-pagado) becan a todo tipo de estudiantes que cumplen los requisitos, incluidos los extranjeros. Y precisamente porque es tan caro, los estudiantes procuran realizar sus estudios en buenas instituciones. Y para los curiosos, à ©stas son las que conforman la famosa  Ivy League. Adems, para estudiar en un college o universidad de EE.UU. es necesario convalidar los estudios en organizaciones reconocidas por dichas instituciones. Una vez que se obtiene el tà ­tulo es frecuente que deba obtenerse la apostilla de la Haya para homologar los estudios en el paà ­s de origen del estudiante. De interà ©s para personas con visa J-1 Hay muchos programas bajo el paraguas de las J-1. Una de las que despiertan mayor interà ©s es la de  mà ©dicos para estudiar la residencia en Estados Unidos, pero hay muchas ms. Finalmente, la visa  visa O-1  puede servir de opcià ³n a la J-1 en algunos casos para algunos programas. Es importante familiarizarse con las posibles opciones segà ºn el caso de cada persona. Testimonial Lee esta entrevista a Miguel Pà ©rez, primero estudiante becado universitario y ahora residente permanente. Entre otras cosas muestra de una manera clara cà ³mo es posible ir cambiando de programas, siempre legalmente y conservando el estatus migratorio.   Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

Cantebury Tales

Cantebury Tales Essay Canterbury Tales In discussing Chaucers collection of stories called The Canterbury Tales, an interesting picture or illustration of the Medieval Christian Church is presented. However, while people demanded more voice in the affairs of government, the church became corrupt this corruption also led to a more crooked society. Nevertheless, there is no such thing as just church history; This is because the church can never be studied in isolation, simply because it has always related to the social, economic and political context of the day. In history then, there is a two way process where the church has an influence on the rest of society and of course, society influences the church. This is naturally because it is the people from a society who make up the church. and those same people became the personalities that created these tales of a pilgrimage to Canterbury. The Christianization of Anglo-Saxon England was to take place in a relatively short period of time, but this was not because of the success of the Augustinian effort. Indeed, the early years of this mission had an ambivalence which shows in the number of people who hedged their bets by practicing both Christian and Pagan rites at the same time, and in the number of people who promptly apostatized when a Christian king died. There is certainly no evidence for a large-scale conversion of the common people to Christianity at this time. Augustine was not the most diplomatic of men, and managed to antagonize many people of power and influence in Britain, not least among them the native British churchmen, who had never been particularly eager to save the souls of the Anglo-Saxons who had brought such bitter times to their people. In their isolation, the British Church had maintained older ways of celebrated the major festivals of Christianity, and Augustines effort to compel them to conform to modern Roman usage only angered them. When Augustine died (some time between 604 and 609 AD), then, Christianity had only a precarious hold on Anglo-Saxon England, a hold which was limited largely to a few in the aristocracy. Christianity was to become firmly established only as a result of Irish efforts, who from centers in Scotland and Northumbria made the common people Christian, and established on a firm basis the English Church. At all levels of society, belief in a god or gods was not a matter of choice, it was a matter of fact. Atheism was an alien concept (and one dating from the eighteenth century). Living in the middle ages, one would come into contact with the Church in a number of ways. First, there were the routine church services, held daily and attended at least once a week, and the special festivals of Christmas, Easter, baptisms, marriages, etc.. In that respect the medieval Church was no different to the modern one. Second, there were the tithes that the Church collected, usually once a year. Tithes were used to feed the parish priest, maintain the fabric of the church, and to help the poor. Third, the Church fulfilled the functions of a civil service and an education system. Schools did not exist (and were unnecessary to a largely peasant society), but the Church and the government needed men who could read and write in English and Latin. The Church trained its own men, and these went to help in the government: writing letters, keeping accounts and so on. The words cleric and clerk have the same origin, and every nobleman would have at least one priest to act as a secretary. The power of the Church is often over-emphasized. Certainly, the later medieval Church was rich and powerful, and that power was often misused especially in Europe. Bishops and archbishops were appointed without any training or clerical background, church offices changed hands for cash, and so on. The authority of the early medieval Church in England was no different to that of any other landowner. So, the question that haunted medieval man was that of his own salvation. The existence of God was never questioned and the heart-cry of medieval society was a desire to know God and achieve intimacy with the divine. Leading a life pleasing to God was the uppermost concern, and the wide diversity of medieval piety is simply because people answered the question, How can I best lead a holy life? in so many different ways. Beginning with The Pardoners Tale, the theme of salvation is truly paramount. Chaucer, being one of the most important medieval authors, uses this prologue and tale to make a statement about buying salvation. The character of the pardoner is one of the most despicable pilgrims, seemingly along for the ride to his next gig as the seller of relics. For myn entente is nat but for to winne,/ And no thing for correccion of sinne, admits the pardoner in his prologue. As a matter of fact, the pardoner is only in it for the money, as evident from this passage:I wol none of the Apostles countrefete: I wold have moneye, wolle, cheese, and whete, Al were it yiven of the pooreste page, Or of the pooreste widwe in a village Al sholde hir children sterve for famine. Nay, I drinke licour of the vine And have a joly wenche in every town. In his tale, the Pardoner slips into his role as the holiest of holies and speaks of the dire consequences of gluttony, gambling, and lechery. He cites Attila the Hun with, Looke Attila, the grete conquerour,/ Deide in his sleep with shame and dishonour,/ Bleeding at his nose in dronkenesse. The personification of the deadly sins, along with his story of the three greedy men that eventually perish at the hands of their sin is a distinct medieval device. The comic twist that Chaucer adds to the device, though, is that the Pardoner in himself is as the personification of sin, as is evident from the passages of his prologue. At the conclusion of his tale, the Pardoner asks, Allas, mankinde, how may it bitide/ That to thy Creatour which that thee wroughte,/ And with his precious herte blood boughte,/ Thou art so fals and unkinde, allas?. He then goes on to offer each pilgrim a place READ: Robotics Essayfor a price, of course. The Pardoners place in Chaucers idea of redemption becomes evident in the epilogue of the tale. After offering the host the first pardon (For he is most envoluped in sinne and, supposedly, the equivalent of Chaucer), the host berates the pardoner, saying, I wolde I hadde thy coilons in myn hond,/ In stede of relikes or of saintuarye./ Lat cutte him of. By this, the idea of the pardoner as the most important man on the pilgrimage is brought to fruition and Chaucer makes the main point of this tale: Salvation is not for sale. Another example of the medieval obsession with redemption. However, some did not accept this and questioned the church It was what they wanted other than a holy life with a Old-Testament God; That style of thinking evenually lead to a more gentle, mother-figure as a goddess The Cult of the Virgin. The eminent question then becomes, Why would people change from a long-lasting, Old-Testament God to a mother-like goddess ? The answer is simply because they thought their new found Goddess would never be as harsh on people as the often criticized male like aspect of God. In both current Catholicism and that of the medieval period, Mary is worshipped with more fervor than even God or Jesus. Church after church was (and still is) erected in her name. Her likeness graced statues and stained glass with as much frequency as Jesus bloody head. The worship of Mary is fervent, institutionalized, and approved of by the Christian church. Is she not a goddess? Mary simply took the place of the female aspects of the spirit that were once worshipped as Roman or Anglo-Saxon goddesses. The medieval period, stretching approximately from the late seventh century to the early sixteenth, was bound together under one constantRoman Catholic Christianity. But beneath this curtain of Christianity many legends were being formed and passed down, as old pagan traditions became assimilated into a newly Christian society. The two religious forms were becoming intertwined. They seemed at this time to be tolerant of each other, not entirely distinct. A peoples habits and thought processes are not easily changed, and being that the Anglo-Saxons of Britain were not Christians until the mid-600s, a period of transition can be expected . At least, a fascination with their pagan ancestors existed, at most, the practice of the old ways. Examples of a fascination with magic, worshipping more than one god-like figure, and a continuing love for worshipping goddesses, exist in many texts written in this period. Yet, this does not mean that every village had a sorceress in their midst, but literature usually reflects the society within which it emerges. At the time of The Canterbury Tales, many of a people who were Christians officially, politically, and in most cases at heart, saw that there were elements of paganism and sorcery which is tolerated and respected. The society in which Chaucer writes these stories is Christian as well, politically and spirituallycould it be that they tolerated and respected paganism and magic? Perhaps the separation of the two is not necessary and was not complete at this point in time. Not only was magic a pagan tradition that persisted throughout the Middle Ages. .another tradition, changing at the time, reflected the transition from worshipping the unseen forces in the world as many gods, to one, omnipotent God. Although the people were Christians, they took the separation of spiritual powers far beyond the creation the Trinity. The specific powers or emphasis given to each saint carries on even into todays Catholic tradition. The medieval period may have had some of this (although many of the saints were not even born yet) but in their literature, many immortal and powerful creatures are found. This form of Paganism existed in Britain of the Middle ages, full of spiritual beings, full of magic, alive with heavenly power existing on Earth. It has been the nature of the Christian men in power through the ages to, for fear, deny their people the knowledge of the un-Christian richness in their ancestry, and so the traditions that were not masked as Christian are lost to students of Christian history and literature. But it seems this period had not seen such extensive discrimination. The two ways of the world were not quite so separate then, and matters of the occult were not yet labeled as evil. This again implies that perhaps the two forms of religious thought do not have to be completely separate. There are strong similarities for them to coincide and complement each other, and for an entire people trying to make the Christian transition, maybe this complementing was necessary. However, the age of forceful patriarchy and witch-burning would not come about for several hundred years. Each new way of leading a holy life was thought to be progressively more acceptable to God by its proponents than the ones that had gone before. Such new ways were normally inspired by a desire to break away from the corruption and worldliness which was perceived in the older or more established forms of Godly living. These new ways often became corrupt themselves and over time breakaways from them were hailed as a newer and more perfect way of following God. This roller-coaster ride of corruption and reform is basically the story of popular medieval religion as man battled to define and discover what it really meant to be a Christian. In an effort to escape persecution, but to also flee the evil, prevalent in the world and to seek God free from many worldly distractions, monks began to assemble as communities of Christians . These communities, although they had little organization, were regarded as possessing the best Christian life by having a solitary, ascetic, celibate existence where the world had been totally renounced and had been entirely replaced with heavenly contemplation. These new martyrs were usually just called monks: theirs was a life of daily martyrdom as they constantly died to self and lived totally for God. The monks paid particular veneration to the physical remains of the martyrs (relics) and were therefore connected to the martyrs who they replaced. The rise of ascetic monasticism and relic worship however was quite controversial Both the worship of relics and ascetic monasticism however became mainstays of this Medieval religion, and the idea that monks were a new form of martyr persisted over time. READ: Moral and Ethical Dilemmas Essay Both monks as well as martyrs were looked upon as holy men. In relating this solitary world to readers, there is also a monk in Chaucers work He is someone who combined godliness and worldliness into a profitable and comfortable living. He was the outrider or the person in charge of the outlying property.. ..which lead him to enjoy hunting, fine foods, and owning several horses. Monks renounced all their worldly belongings and by taking vows of poverty, chastity and obedience, joined a community of monks. Their lives were spent in communal worship, devotional reading, prayer and manual labor all under the authority of the abbot of the monastic house. Particular monks often had particular jobs- the cellarer or the infirmarer for example, and these like every aspect of monastic life were laid down in the Rule. Monks were nearly always of noble extraction (one had to have wealth in order to give it up) but could also be given to the monastery as children (called oblates) to be brought up as monks. Hindsight has blurred our vision of the Medieval monk and the result is that the modern Christian mindset has condemned him for his selfish escapism from the world and for his apparent neglect of those who needed Christ outside of the cloister. The Medieval mindset was very different. The monastery was an integral part of the local community it probably owned most of the farming land in the area- and the fortunes of the people in any area were bound up with the spirituality of its monastic house. The monks were on the front line of the spiritual battle-it was they who did battle in prayer for their community, who warded off devils and demons and who prayed tirelessly for the salvation of the souls of those in their community. Rather than being the cowards of Christianity unable to take the strain of living a Christian life in the real world, the monks were like spiritual stormtroopers interceding for an area against its supernatural enemies in mudh the same way as a local lord in his castle protected an area against its physical enemies. The people gave gifts to both lord and abbot in return for a service. The Pardoner also represents the tradition of faith in respect to the church of his time. The Pardoner is representative of the seamy side of the corrupt church and a broken or twisted (if you will) faith. The faith of a bureaucracy, which is what the church had become. The Pardoner was a church official who had the authority to forgive those who had sinned by selling pardons and indulgences to them. Although, the Pardoner was a church official, he was clearly in the church business for economic reasons. The Pardoner, a devious and somewhat dubious individual had one goal: Get the most money for pardons by almost any means of coercion necessary. A twisted and ironic mind, has basically defined himself through his work for a similarly corrupt church. In contrast, the Plowman has nothing but a seemingly uncomplicated and untwisted faith. The Plowman has the faith of a poor farmer, uncomplicated by the bureaucracy of the church. The Pardoner is probably on this journey because he is being required to go by the church or he sees some sort of economic gain from this voyage, most likely from selling forgiveness to the other pilgrims. The Plowman on the other hand is probably on this voyage because of his sincerity and faith in its purpose. While this was the story of religion at grass-roots level, at the organizational and hierarchical level, the church developed along a different line. It became more organized, more bureaucratic, more legal, more centralized and basically more powerful on a European scale. This process was spearheaded by the papacy and reached its pinnacle under Pope Innocent III in the early 13th Century. He embodied what became known as the papal monarchy a situation where the popes literally were kings in their own world. The relative importance of spiritual and secular power in the world was a constant question in the middle ages with both secular emperors and kings, and the popes asserting their claims to rule by divine authority with Gods commands for Gods people proceeding out of their mouths. The power of the church is hard to exaggerate: its economic and political influence was huge, as its wealth, movements like the crusades, and even the number of churches that exist from this period truly show its greatness. By the early 10th century, a strange malaise seems to have entered the English church. There are comments from this time of a decline in learning among churchmen and an increase in a love for things of this earthly world. Even more of these lax standards had begun a decline in the power structure of the church which included a decrease in acceptable behavior amongst churchmen and a growing use of church institutions by lay people as a means of evading taxes. Christianity affected all men in Europe at every level and in every way. Such distances however, led to much diversity and the shaping of Medieval religion into a land of contrasts. One can also see how mans feelings of extreme sinfulness and desire for God are quite evident in these tales. Still, we are told that history repeats itself because nobody listens to it, but more realistically history repeats itself because man is essentially the same from one generation to the next. He has the same aspirations, fears and flaws; yet the way that these are expressed differs from age to age. This is why each period of history is different. The fact that man is the same yet different is what makes the study of the people who formed the medieval church directly applicable to Christians lives and experiences today. Book Reports

Social Responsibility of a Business Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Social Responsibility of a Business - Term Paper Example This famous claim by Friedman however triggered a debate on what the social responsibility of a business is. The businessperson Mackey disagreed with Friedman’s thought terming it as narrow and underselling humanitarian aspect of capitalism. Mackey strongly believes that the social responsibility of a business is not only to increase profits but also to create value for all the stakeholders in the business. Mackey argues that the social responsibility of a business to shareholders, society, and the stakeholders are varied and all are satisfied in different ways, which should be taken seriously by any kind of business to be successful. I strongly agree with Mackey that the social responsibility of a business is not only to increase profits, but also to satisfy the needs of the society, shareholders, and stakeholders, which are as well important. Social responsibility of business to stakeholders The stakeholders in a business comprise the community, employees, suppliers, and cli entele. According to Mackey (2005), all these stakeholders draw the meaning of the business in their own way of satisfaction. It is worth noting that the groups’ needs are varied as well and the needs are satisfied in different ways. ... Satisfied employees in any business will translate into efficiency and quality output, which are valuable assets to the business. The social responsibility of a business to employees include, good working conditions and attractive salaries and wages, social security such as insurance and pension schemes, better living standards among others. Suppliers are as well important to a business and therefore there is need for a business to satisfy the suppliers socially. Mackey believes that all the stakeholders in a business are important for a business to attain its goals. Suppliers supply business raw materials needed to produce certain goods or services and it is their responsibility as well to get the finished products close to the customers. For the smooth functioning of the business, the social function of the business is to give them a fair deal in the business. Social responsibility of a business to shareholders The shareholders in layman’s term are the owners of a business a nd the social responsibility of the business is to satisfy their needs. Although most shareholders majorly focus on increased profits, Mackey admits this though in a different perspective. According to Mackey, profits maximization should not be the soul goal for a business but the business need to put first the interest of the entire stakeholders. Mackey (2005) argues that by putting first the interest of the stakeholders by value creation, this will act as a means to an end. As the business works hard towards maximizing profits for the investors, it is important to bear in mind that by satisfying the customers and other stakeholders, the profits are likely to increase. The shareholders being the owners of

Questions based on different handouts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Questions based on different handouts - Essay Example Questions based on different handouts The mandate for Palestine did fulfill this point in its recognition of the connection of the Jewish, historically, with the Palestine and by asserting that a national home be constructed for them in Palestine. This declaration put into consideration the interests of the concerned population, in this case, the Jewish population. The Mandate for Palestine managed to clearly offer a clear distinction between political rights with regards to the Jewish civil and religious rights and self-determination as an emerging polity, referring to guaranteed of equal individual freedoms to non-Jewish residents within select communities and as individuals. However, the mandate failed to satisfy point 5 of the Woodrow Wilson Fourteen Points by failing to mention, not even once, Arabs as a people. The document fails to identify and granting any rights to Arabs as it did the Jews, thus not satisfying the requirement of putting into consideration all interests of concerned population. Point 12 of the Woodrow Wilson Fourteen Points asserts that, â€Å"Turkish portions of the current Ottoman Empire should be guaranteed of a secure sovereignty, and the other nationalities, now under the Turkish rule, must be guaranteed of an absolutely unmolested autonomous development opportunity and undoubted security of life, and the Dardanelles should permanently be opened for a free passage for ships and that trade of all nations should be under international guarantees†.... The Palestine mandate fails to satisfy this point-point 12 of the Woodrow Wilson Fourteen Points-by entrusting a Mandatory, in this case, Great Britain, to have full power of administration and legislation-according to article 1 of the mandate- over the Palestine Territory, formerly belonging to the Turkish Empire. In so doing, the mandate goes against the principle of guaranteeing secure sovereignty. The Palestine Mandate also seems to satisfy point 12, at least according to article 2, which states that, â€Å"†¦for safeguarding religious and civil rights of all Palestine inhabitants regardless or religion and race,† requirement that undoubted security for life should be provided for all those nationalities under the Turkish rule (Halsall, â€Å"Modern History Sourcebook: League of Nations: The Mandate for Palestine, July 24, 1922†). Article 3 of the mandate also encourages local autonomy, which is in line with pint 12 of the Woodrow Wilson Fourteen Points, which advocates for equal, unmolested autonomous development opportunities. Additionally, article 5 of the mandate satisfies point 12 requirement of guaranteed sovereignty by advocating for the mandate to ensure that no territory in Palestine is leased or ceded, or placed under the control of another government’s foreign power in any way. It is also very clear that, the Palestine mandate satisfies the requirements of point 12 of the Woodrow Wilson Fourteen Points, that, â€Å"nationalities under the Turkish rule must be guaranteed of an absolutely unmolested autonomous development opportunity and undoubted security of life, and the Dardanelles should permanently be opened for a free passage for

Minor’s Refusal of Treatment Essay Example for Free

Minor’s Refusal of Treatment Essay In the case of Daniel Hauser, a thirteen-year old boy from Minnesota, who was diagnosed as having Hodgkin’s lymphoma, which is considered as one of the most curable types of cancer, conflicting ethical values can be appreciated.   According to Wikipedia (2009), the principle of autonomy gives the person the right to self-determination which allows the patients to choose their own treatment.   In the case provided, the patient wishes not to endure traditional chemotherapy and radiation but instead undergo alternative medicine treatments that are yet to be proven effective by science. Since the health care providers in the case know that this particular type of cancer is curable, they are very adamant in trying to convince the patient to undergo proper treatment.   This exemplifies the principle of beneficence, which refer to the health care providers’ actions that promote the well-being of the patient (Wikipedia 2009) while the principle of non-maleficience means that the health care providers should refrain from actions that can cause harm to the patient (Wikipedia 2009) such as deviating from the standard form of treatment. The four senses of autonomy which are free action, effective deliberation, authenticity and moral reflection are being exercised by the patient.   Free action refers to the patient’s choice to ignore the recommendations of his health care providers and opting to do what he believes is right for him without any force or intimidation from anyone.   Effective deliberation means that the patient duly understands the facts and the risks before he made his decision in a systemic and rational way. In our case, the patient knows the risk that he is taking when he refused medical treatments.   Authenticity means the ability of the patient to be true to his self as exemplified by his belief and claim to be a medicine man.   Moral reflection means to act on the person’s accepted after beliefs after critical assessment.   The patient believes that he is leading by example through standing firm on his decision to avoid the prescribed medical treatment and undergo alternative forms of therapy. The case that the lawyers have against the Daniel’s parents is based on the subjective good of the patient which is the cure of his cancer through chemotherapy and radiation treatments that he simply does not prefer.   The stand of the Daniel’s parents, on the other hand, is based on the objective good of the patient, which is respecting the values and wishes of the patient to undergo alternative forms of treatment such as drinking ionized water and modifying his diet. Although a person may be freely entitled to choose for themselves, certain liberty limiting principles should be observed.   These principles include paternalism, which justifiably restricts a person’s liberty to prevent the person from harming himself and the harm principle, which justifiably restricts a person’s liberty to prevent the person from harming others (Arisaka 2009). The principle of paternalism can only be applied if the courts would rule in favor of the medical practitioners who are asking that the patient should be subjected to the standard treatment for Hodgkin’s disease.   The judicial system would violate the harm principle if they would allow the minor patient to choose to act on his beliefs to not undergo proper remedies because this may pave the way for other teens to have the choice to refuse treatment and simply do what they think is right for them. Measures in order for minors to understand the gravity of their disease should be undertaken.   Participation with group discussions with others who are suffering the same illness should be encouraged in order to gain more understanding on what to expect of the disease and its treatment rather than simply being subjected to a grueling process of standard therapy without any form of support and being forced to decide based on the experience. Bibliography Arisaka (2009). Ethics. Retreived 5 June 2009 from http://www.arisaka.org/ethics02LLP.html Wikipedia (2009). Medical ethics.   Retreived 5 June 2009 from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_ethics

Grandpas House Essay -- Observation Essay, Descriptive Essay

Grandpa's House As I walk in through the door, I begin to sense the feeling of warmth come over me. This is the feeling I get every time I arrive at my Grandpa's house in Price, Utah. It's where I spent the first five years of my life. This is my second home. My family and I live about four hours away from Price, but that still doesn't stop us from going to visit as often as possible. The drive there is rather boring, but it's worth being able to see the familiar landscape of my past. After driving through a small town known as Wellington, I know that I am within minutes of being able to glance at my second home. I wait with anxiety as the car makes its way ever closer to the bridge that crosses the river, which runs right by the property of my Grandpa. Ahead I can see the old house and all the rickety, old buildings and corrals surrounding it. The excitement mounts inside as I let myself out of the car and make my way up toward the front porch. As I gently touch the cold, handmade iron railings that line the wooden steps, I know I've reached my destination. As I stand in front of the dark brown, wooden door with its small, yet beautiful etched glass window, I remember all of the times that I have passed through this portal and entered the warm, comforting rooms inside. Before entering, I take a step back to admire this old, stubborn house. It's a two-story, white house with a three-car garage attached to it. My grandpa built the entire house from the foundation up and a lot of the items in it. After observing this scene for a few minutes, I continue to enter the house. I slowly turn the brass knob of the door and anticipate the feeling of acceptance inside. As I open the door, a flood of warmth passes over and through... ...e property. There are corrals and sheds, which are beginning to show the effects of deterioration. Several fruit trees stand in a small orchard, which is next to a garden plot. My Grandpa's shop can also be seen from the window. This is where my Grandpa likes to spend most of his time creating new inventions or fixing old items. As I depart from the kitchen, I walk into the living room. There is a terrifying ugly brown couch with a crocheted throw draped over it. Two more Lazy-Boy chairs sit by it. On the opposite side of the room from me is a stone fireplace with shelves built on either side of it. These shelves are filled with books on every topic one can think of. Subjects range from the Civil War to cooking and mechanics. Above the fireplace rests an old, dependable clock. As it strikes the hour with its dings and dongs, I know I am where I belong. I am home.

Ang Paghihintay

Elasticity- The measure of sensitivity of quantity supplied to changes in price. Demand Elasticity- The measure of responsiveness of the consumers to the changes in price. Classification of Demand Elasticity 1. Elastic Demand- when the quantity demanded is greatly affected by the changes in price. 2. Inelastic Demand- the quantity demanded increase in price creates a lesser change in the percentage in quantity demanded. 3. Unitary Demand- when there is an equal change in quantity demanded and the price. 4.Perfectly Elastic Demand- the demand continues to increase without the change in price. 5. Perfectly Inelastic Demand- when there is a constant demand while the price is continuously increasing. Table Ellustration of Classification of Demand Elasticity PP Q elastic demandinelastic demand P unirtary demandperfectly elastic demand perfectly inelastic demand Determinants of Demand Elasticity 1. The price of the consumers budget. The quantity demanded depends on the budget or the income of the consumer. it is usually on the elastic type of demand.One example of this is the things that are not necessary in our lives like cars,appliances. When their price increase, the consumers can easily take away from their list those unecessary things. 2. Availability of the substitutes. It is when the price of the primary goods gets higher, the closer the consumer will transfer to the substitutes. But, it is considered as an inelastic demand. 3. Types of Good. It depends on the type of good that the consumers intended to buy, it is what we called the semi-necessary goods for the consumers. 4. The time under consideration.When the price of the product continously increasing, the consumers will learn to adopt the substitutes over a period of time. Some example is rice, when the price of the rice is continously increasing, the consumers will transfer to its substitutes like bread, corn, and cereals. Supply Elasticity- refers to the reaction or response of the sellers or producers to price change of goods. Types of Supply Elasticity 1. elastic supply- a change in price results to a greater change in quantity supplied. 2. inelastic supply- a change in price results to a lesser change in quantity supplied. . unitary supply- a change in price results to an equal change in quantity supplied. 4. perfectly elastic supply- without change in price, there is an infinite or unlimited change in quantity supplied. 5. perfectly inelastic supply- a change in price has no effect in quantity supplied. Table Illustration of Supply Elasticity elastic supply inelastic supply unitary supply perfectly elastic supplyperfectly inelastic supply Determinants of Supply Elasticity 1. Time- a period of time the products produced either short time or long time. 2.Technology- because of technology, the products can be produced efficiently. Theory of Consumer Behavior 1. Law of Diminishing Marginal Utility Marginal utility refers to the additional satisfaction of a consumer whenever he con sumes one more unitof the same goods. Quantity of Goods consumedTotal UtilityMarginal Utility 1 5 2 9 4 3 123 4 142 5 151 6 150 *When your consumerism increases, your marginal utility will decrease. 2. Indifference Curve The word indifference curve means â€Å"showing no bias or neutral†.Combination Kl. Of meat Kl. Of fish A51 B42 C33 D24 E15 *The table shows that any combination you choose the satisfaction you can get is the same level. 3. Budget Line It is the combination of two products which can be purchased by consumer with his income. Product A Product B Total Cost 51p 125+25=150 42 100+50=150 33 75+75=150 24 50+100=150 15 25+125=150 *Each unit costs p25. 00. and the fixed budget is p150. 4. Equilibrium of the Consumer It is the combination of indifference curve and budget line. P Q Written report in Eco 1